Network Types
Are distinguished on their number of computers, their data transfer speed and their reach.
LAN
Local Area Network
It is a group of computers which all belong
to the same organization, and which are linked within a small geographic area using a network. Most of the time the machines are connected using Ethernet A Local Area Network is a network in its simplest form. Data transfer speed over are network can reach up to 10mbps and 1Gbps. This type of network can reach up to 1000 users.
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There are two different operating models can be fitted.
- peer to peer
- client/ server
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
It is designed to connect the multiple nearby LANs one with other at high speeds. MAN lets two remote nodes communicate as if they were part of the same local area network.
this type of network is made out form switches or routers connected to one another with high-speed links like fibre optic cable. |
Wide Area Network
It connects multiple LANs together over great geographic distances. The speed available on WAN varies depending on cost of the connections. These are important because they are increasing the distance.
WAN operate using routers, which can ''choose'' the most appropriate path for data to take reach a network node. Also, WAN is also known as Internet. |
Models
It represents the architecture of computer network.
Client- Server
A network architecture in which many clients request and receive from.
It works that clients are requesting the commands from the server, then the server it replies back to client. Thanks for that you can set up different security to different types of users. the good thing about having client- server model is that it reduces the volume of data traffic on the network, which makes the network faster in other words. also it allows using less hi performance computer clients because most of the works is done by server. the upside is that it is costly to keep and that entire network is affected if there is a problem with a server, lucky enough this problems are not common. |
Peer to Peer
A network architecture in which
all computers on the network have equal status and no one has control over others. In this network model there aren't any servers. Each computer can share data and devices of other computers in the network like printers. in these models you can use any computer as you wish. the only good thing about this network model is that it is cheap. the upsides are that it is ridiculously slow because everything needs to pass through every single computer, speaking of which if one computer will get down then the entire network shuts down. |
Communication Model
OSI model
Open System Interconnection model is a conceptual model that characterizes the communication functions. it's goal is the interoperability of diverse communication system with standard protocols. The model partitions a communication system into abstraction layers.
how does it work? for example, a layer that provides error- free communications across a network provides the path needed by application above it, while it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that comprise the contents into the path. two instances at the same layer are visualized as connected by a horizontal connection in that layer. |
TCP/IP
Internet Protocol Suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the internet and similar computer networks.
the Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received. this functionality is organized into four abstraction layers which are used to sort all related protocols according to the scope of networking involved. |